Three-dimensional finite element analysis of occipitocervical fixation using an anterior occiput-to-axis locking plate system: a pilot study

Background contextAlthough there are many techniques for occipitocervical fixation, there have been no reports regarding occipitocervical fixation via the use of an anterior anatomical locking plate system.PurposeThe biomechanics of this new system were analyzed by a three-dimensional finite element to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application.Study designThis was a modeling study.Patient sampleWe studied a 27-year-old healthy male volunteer in whom cervical disease was excluded via X-ray examination.Outcome measuresThe states of stress and strain of these two internal fixation devices were analyzed.MethodsA three-dimensional finite element model of normal occiput-C2 was established based on the anatomical data from a Chinese population. An unstable model of occipital-cervical region was established by subtracting several unit structures from the normal model. An anterior occiput-to-axis locking titanium plate system was then applied and an anterior occiput-to-axis screw fixation was performed on the unstable model. Limitation of motion was performed on the surface of the fixed model, and physiological loads were imposed on the surface of the skull base.ResultsUnder various loads from different directions, the peak values of displacement of the anterior occiput-to-axis locking titanium plate system decreased 15.5%, 12.5%, 14.4%, and 23.7%, respectively, under the loads of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Compared with the anterior occiput-to-axis screw fixation, the peak values of stress of the anterior occiput-to-axis locking titanium plate system also decreased 3.9%, 2.9%, 9.7%, and 7.2%, respectively, under the loads of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation.ConclusionThe anterior occiput-to-axis locking titanium plate system proved superior to the anterior occiput-to-axis screw system both in the stress distribution and fixation stability based on finite element analysis. It provides a new clinical option for anterior occipitocervical fixation.