Modelling the hold up of lifters in rotary dryers

The model is used to evaluate the hold up profile of a range of lifters. According to the model, simple lifters consisting of a single segment do not hold up as much material as lifters containing a number of segments, such as a hook formation. Further, the more complex lifters are able to distribute the material more evenly across the transverse section of the dryer compared to the simple lifters and this may improve the overall heat and mass transfer of the dryer.