Update on tic disorders and Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome affects around 1% of schoolchildren and is defined by the chronic presence of motor and vocal tics. The severity of this varies widely but even mild TS may be of importance as there is a common association with co-morbidities including ADHD and OCD which can be of greater clinical significance in some cases. Where the tics themselves are severe they can be very intrusive and difficult to manage. TS has as yet unidentified genetic causes and non-genetic mechanisms possibly included neuro-immunological in association with Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection. Underlying brain mechanisms are not well understood. This review covers recent scientific advances in the field and practical management of the condition.