State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination pretreatment

This paper provides a basis to understand the various fouling mechanisms found in RO systems and to describe the current state-of-the-art of the pretreatment technologies for fouling control. The paper addresses pretreatment of the myriad water sources in which RO technology is applied, with greater emphasis on seawater RO SWRO pretreatment as the largest single pretreatment market segment.