Revised external and internal concentration polarization models to improve flux prediction in forward osmosis process

► Previous FO modified ECP model can only account for NaCl or KCl as draw solute. ► Previous ECP model under-predicted the ECP effect on flux for other solutes. ► Using dilution/suction in ECP model improved flux prediction. ► ICP model improved by using solute resistivity constant. ► The revised ECP and ICP models improved accuracy of flux prediction for FO process.