Overview of seawater concentrate disposal alternatives

► Discharge through new outfall, through existing wastewater treatment plant outfall; and co-disposal with power plant cooling water are the most common seawater concentrate alternatives. ► Near-shore discharges are the lowest cost discharge alternative for large plants. ► Sanitary sewer discharges are most suitable for very small desalination plants. ► Most marine organisms can tolerate discharge salinity of at least 40 ppt.