Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions onto peanut shell as a low-cost biosorbent

Biosorption of Cu(II) and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solutions by peanut shell biomass was investigated as a function of initial pH, initial biomass concentration and temperature. The optimum sorption conditions were studied for each metal separately. The kinetics and equilibrium of biosorption were examined in detail. Four kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, power function equation, and Elovich model) were used to correlate the experimental data and to determine the kinetic parameters. Four well-known adsorption isotherms were chosen to describe the biosorption equilibrium. The experimental data were analyzed using two two-parameter models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two three-parameter models (Redlich–Peterson and Sips). The equilibrium biosorption isotherms showed that peanut shells possess high affinity and sorption capacity for Cu(II) and Cr(III) ions, with monolayer sorption capacities of 25.39 mg Cu2+ and 27.86 mg Cr3+ per 1 g biomass, respectively. All results showed that peanut shells biomass is an attractive, alternative low-cost biosorbent for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous media.