Effect of solvents on performance of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes: Investigation of metal ion separations

►Solvents in PES found good performance in permeability. ►Modification of an asymmetric structure of membranes. ►Separation of Cu, Ni, Cr by complexing with PVA and PDDA ligands. ►PDDA and PVA showed a high rejection for Cr(III).