GastrointestinalTriiodothyronine attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in a partial hepatectomy model through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, and adhesion molecules

BackgroundHepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury during liver surgery and transplantation is the main cause of postoperative liver failure and primary graft nonfunction, with subsequent rise in mortality in these patients. Triiodothyronine (T3) is a known hepatic mitogen. In this study we questioned whether exogenous administration of T3 protects against warm hepatic I/R injury.Materials and methodsT3 or vehicle was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats (single dose of 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 48 h before hepatic ischemia, then the rats were subjected to 60 min of partial hepatic I/R followed by 50% hepatectomy. Serum transaminases, histopathologic changes, apoptosis, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase were evaluated. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), transcription factors (NF-кB and AP-1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) was also investigated.ResultsRats pretreated with T3 showed significant reduction of their postischemic hepatic injury (serum transaminases, liver necrosis, and apoptosis). Also, production of reactive oxygen species and neutrophil infiltration were markedly depressed by T3 administration. This was associated with downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, and adhesion molecules.ConclusionsThis study illustrated that T3 protects against hepatic I/R injury, an effect that is mediated through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, and adhesion molecules. Pretreatment with T3 may represent a promising pharmacologic strategy for protection against hepatic I/R injury.