Hybrid FO/RO desalination system: Preliminary assessment of osmotic energy recovery and designs of new FO membrane module configurations

►Hybrid FO/RO system has potential for pretreatment of wastewater ►Osmotic energy can reach 1.1 kJ at concentration gradients of 15 g/l ►Power density of membrane is 1.45 W/m2 at concentration gradients of 15 g/l ►Four new membrane module configurations were suggested