ReviewDevelopmental changes in performance monitoring: How electrophysiological data can enhance our understanding of error and feedback processing in childhood and adolescence

- Developmental studies on error and feedback processing from childhood to early adulthood are reviewed.
- The focus is on how electrophysiological methods contribute to the understanding of this topic.
- The review concludes with possible future directions and current challenges.

Performance monitoring includes learning from errors and feedback and depends on the functioning of the mediofrontal cortex, especially the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the mesencephalic dopamine system. Error and feedback monitoring develop during childhood until early adulthood and are important in a lot of learning situations. The aims of this article are twofold: First, to review the present literature on the development of performance monitoring, and second, to highlight how electrophysiological data can contribute to the understanding of error and feedback processing in childhood and adolescence.