Research ReportOscillatory brain responses to own names uttered by unfamiliar and familiar voices

- EEG during an active-passive task based on first names was time-frequency analyzed.
- The presented names were uttered either by an unfamiliar or a familiar voice.
- Counted names elicited alpha desynchronization and left theta synchronization.
- Own name and familiar voices enhanced strong right alpha desynchronization.
- Alpha desynchronization reflects attentional engagement and emotional processing.

Among auditory stimuli, the own name is one of the most powerful and it is able to automatically capture attention and elicit a robust electrophysiological response. The subject's own name (SON) is preferentially processed in the right hemisphere, mainly because of its self-relevance and emotional content, together with other personally relevant information such as the voice of a familiar person. Whether emotional and self-relevant information are able to attract attention and can be, in future, introduced in clinical studies remains unclear. In the present study we used EEG and asked participants to count a target name (active condition) or to just listen to the SON or other unfamiliar names uttered by a familiar or unfamiliar voice (passive condition). Data reveals that the target name elicits a strong alpha event related desynchronization with respect to non-target names and triggers in addition a left lateralized theta synchronization as well as delta synchronization.In the passive condition alpha desynchronization was observed for familiar voice and SON stimuli in the right hemisphere.Altogether we speculate that participants engage additional attentional resources when counting a target name or when listening to personally relevant stimuli which is indexed by alpha desynchronization whereas left lateralized theta synchronization may be related to verbal working memory load. After validating the present protocol in healthy volunteers it is suggested to move one step further and apply the protocol to patients with disorders of consciousness in which the degree of residual cognitive processing and self-awareness is still insufficiently understood.