Basic NeuroscienceOptimized protocol for high resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3Â T using single-shot echo planar imaging

- We transferred ultrahigh-resolution fMRI protocols to clinical 3 T settings.
- Thereby, the maximal t-value in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) was increased by 66%.
- Number of activated clusters in the SMC was increased by a factor of 3.3.
- In the nucleus accumbens, the cluster number increased with the proposed protocol.

BackgroundTo translate highly accelerated EPI-fMRI protocols as commonly used at ultra-high field strengths to clinical 3 T settings.New methodEPI protocols with increasing matrix sizes and parallel imaging (PI) factors were tested in two separate fMRI studies, a simple motor-task and a complex motivation-task experiment with focus on the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), respectively.ResultsBy increasing the matrix size and the PI-factor simultaneously, BOLD-sensitivity in terms of maximal t-values and numbers of activated clusters was uncompromised in single individuals in both fMRI experiments. In the SMC, the multi-subject analysis revealed an increase of 66% of the maximal t-value whereby the number of activated clusters was increased by a factor of 3.3 when the matrix size (PI-factor) was increased from 96 × 96 (R = 2) to 192 × 192 (R = 4). In the NAcc, the number of activated clusters increased from 5 to 7 whereby the maximal t-value remained unaffected when the matrix size (PI-factor) was increased from 96 × 96 (R = 2) to 160 × 160 (R = 3).Comparison with existing methodUsing the proposed high-resolution EPI protocol, spatial blurring was clearly reduced. Further, BOLD sensitivity was clearly improved in multi-subject analyses and remained unaffected in single individuals compared to using the standard protocols.ConclusionsConventionally used matrix sizes (PI-factors) might be non-optimal for some applications sacrificing BOLD spatial specificity. We recommend using the proposed high-resolution protocols applicable in detecting robust BOLD activation in fMRI.