Novel methods for quantifying neurophysiologic properties of the human lumbar paraspinal muscles

▶ Paired-pulse TMS can be applied to the low back muscles. ▶ Short-latency stretch reflexes can be elicited from the low back muscles. ▶ These methods may be useful in studying basic physiology. ▶ These methods may be useful in studying the pathology of low back pain. ▶ These methods may be useful in studying the mechanisms of interventions.