Directed cell growth on protein-functionalized hydrogel surfaces

Biochemical surface modification has been used to direct cell attachment and growth on a biocompatible gel surface. Acrylamide-based hydrogels were photo-polymerized in the presence of an acroyl-streptavidin monomer to create planar, functionalized surfaces capable of binding biotin-labelled proteins. Soft protein lithography (microcontact printing) of proteins was used to transfer the biotinylated extracellular matrix proteins, fibronectin and laminin, and the laminin peptide biotin-IKVAV, onto modified surfaces. As a biological assay, we plated LRM55 astroglioma and primary rat hippocampal neurons on patterned hydrogels. We found both cell types to selectively adhere to areas patterned with biotin-conjugated proteins. Fluorescence and bright-field modes of microscopy were used to assess cell attachment and cell morphology on modified surfaces. LRM55 cells were found to attach to protein-stamped regions of the hydrogel only. Neurons exhibited significant neurite extension after 72 h in vitro, and remained viable on protein-stamped areas for more than 4 weeks. Patterned neurons developed functionally active synapses, as measured by uptake of the dye FM1-43FX. Results from this study suggest that hydrogel surfaces can be patterned with multiple proteins to direct cell growth and attachment.