Different effects of zolpidem and diazepam on hippocampal sharp wave-ripple activity in vitro

▶Hippocampal ripple oscillation is enhanced by zolpidem but suppressed by diazepam. ▶ Both zolpidem and diazepam suppress clusters (i.e. fast sequences) of sharp waves. ▶Zolpidem but not diazepam promotes the initiation of distinct sharp waves' episodes. ▶Only diazepam produces temporal dissociation between ripples and sharp waves.