Advanced low quality waters treatment for unrestricted use purposes: imminent challenges

The study presents reuse options of wastewater in conjunction with minimizing water supply dependence on other high quality water sources. Domestic secondary effluent is a valuable water source for reclamation, however, extra treatment is required to reuse it for unrestricted purposes. It can be achieved primarily by implementation of the membrane technology, namely ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) stages. Field results revealed that membrane technology is essential for sustainable production. However, additional work has to be carried out in order to improve the membrane performance and efficacy.