TMS follow-up study in patients with vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia

► Vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VCI-ND) is an at risk state for dementia. ► We aimed to detect measures of cortical excitability related to disease progression. ► After a follow-up period, the resting motor threshold decreased in VCI-ND patients. ► The observed change might be a plastic mechanism compensatory to VCI progression. ► TMS enhances the understanding of VCI-ND process and its progress.