Progress in translational research on intracerebral hemorrhage: Is there an end in sight?

- Causes of bleeding.
- Natural history of ICH.
- ICH animal models.
- Systemic responses after ICH.
- Therapeutic targets and ongoing clinical trials.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and often fatal stroke subtype for which specific therapies and treatments remain elusive. To address this, many recent experimental and translational studies of ICH have been conducted, and these have led to several ongoing clinical trials. This review focuses on the progress of translational studies of ICH including those of the underlying causes and natural history of ICH, animal models of the condition, and effects of ICH on the immune and cardiac systems, among others. Current and potential clinical trials also are discussed for both ICH alone and with intraventricular extension.