Vestibular nuclei characterized by calcium-binding protein immunoreactivity and tract tracing in Gekko gecko

► 7 vestibular nuclei were identified by cytoarchitecture and projection pathways. ► The vestibular nerve mainly projected to ipsilateral Cerl, Vedl, Vevl and Veds. ► The larger Vevl and Veds might be relevant to the gecko's unique “3D” crawl ability.