کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
6314955 | 1619160 | 2017 | 6 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
XRF measurements of tin, copper and zinc in antifouling paints coated on leisure boats
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
علوم محیط زیست
شیمی زیست محیطی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
![عکس صفحه اول مقاله: XRF measurements of tin, copper and zinc in antifouling paints coated on leisure boats XRF measurements of tin, copper and zinc in antifouling paints coated on leisure boats](/preview/png/6314955.png)
چکیده انگلیسی
Tributyltin (TBT) and other organotin compounds have been restricted for use on leisure boats since 1989 in the EU. Nonetheless, release of TBT is observed from leisure boats during hull maintenance work, such as pressure hosing. In this work, we used a handheld X-ray Fluorescence analyser (XRF) calibrated for antifouling paint matrixes to measure tin, copper and zinc in antifouling paints coated on leisure boats in Sweden. Our results show that over 10% of the leisure boats (n = 686) contain >400 μg/cm2 of tin in their antifouling coatings. For comparison, one layer (40 μm dry film) of a TBT-paint equals â 800 μg Sn/cm2. To our knowledge, tin has never been used in other forms than organotin (OT) in antifouling paints. Thus, even though the XRF analysis does not provide any information on the speciation of tin, the high concentrations indicate that these leisure boats still have OT coatings present on their hull. On several leisure boats we performed additional XRF measurements by progressively scraping off the top coatings and analysing each underlying layer. The XRF data show that when tin is detected, it is most likely present in coatings close to the hull with several layers of other coatings on top. Thus, leaching of OT compounds from the hull into the water is presumed to be negligible. The risk for environmental impacts arises during maintenance work such as scraping, blasting and high pressure hosing activities. The data also show that many boat owners apply excessive paint layers when following paint manufacturers recommendations. Moreover, high loads of copper were detected even on boats sailing in freshwater, despite the more than 20 year old ban, which poses an environmental risk that has not been addressed until now.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Environmental Pollution - Brought to you by:GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING for Women Renewal due by 31 Dec 2017
Journal: Environmental Pollution - Brought to you by:GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING for Women Renewal due by 31 Dec 2017
نویسندگان
Erik Ytreberg, Maria Alexandra Bighiu, Lennart Lundgren, Britta Eklund,