Qualitative and quantitative assessment of unresolved complex mixture in PM2.5 of Bakersfield, CA

- Physicochemical properties of two separate UCM peaks for Bakersfield, CA.
- Daily trends for the two UCM peaks during the Jun 2010 CalNex-Bakersfield campaign.
- Physicochemical properties of UCM from NIST urban dust SRM 1649b

The 2010 CalNex (California Nexus) field experiment offered an opportunity for detailed characterization of atmospheric particulate carbon composition and sources in Bakersfield, CA. In the current study, the authors describe and employ a new protocol for reporting unresolved complex mixture (UCM) in over 30 daily samples. The Bakersfield, CA site has significant contribution from UCM, 2.9 ± 2.2% of the daily OC, which makes it an ideal first application. The new protocol reports two UCM peaks for Bakersfield with unique mean vapor pressure, retention time, mass spectra and daily ambient concentration trends. The first UCM peak, UCM-A, was comprised of semi-volatile compounds including alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, with a mean vapor pressure of 2E-04 Torr and medium to heavy-duty diesel exhaust as a likely source. The second UCM peak, UCM-B, was comprised of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes, with a mean vapor pressure of 1E-08 Torr. UCM-B had strong similarities to UCM in the NIST Standard Reference Material 1649b (urban dust) and to previously reported, detailed UCM for a representative Bakersfield sample, with possible sources including: motor vehicle exhaust, agricultural activities, and construction activities.