کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
6339776 | 1620374 | 2014 | 13 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Source contributions to primary and secondary inorganic particulate matter during a severe wintertime PM2.5 pollution episode in Xi'an, China
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
علوم زمین و سیارات
علم هواشناسی
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چکیده انگلیسی
Average PM2.5 concentrations of â¼250 μg mâ3 and peak concentrations of â¼500 μg mâ3 were observed in Xi'an, the largest city in Northwest China during an extreme event in January 2013. The source-oriented versions of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model with anthropogenic emissions from Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) were used to study the source contributions of six different source categories including energy production, industries, transportation, residential activities, “other” (agriculture, biomass, waste burning, and biogenic sources), and windblown dust to primary and secondary inorganic PM2.5 (nitrate and sulfate) during this episode. The model generally captured the variation and magnitude of PM2.5 concentrations at monitoring sites. The monthly average concentration of the predicted PM2.5 in Xi'an was >200 μg mâ3, comparing favorably with the measurement of â¼250 μg mâ3. Predicted concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic aerosol (OA), sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium were 6, 35, 18, 22, and 12 μg mâ3, respectively. Chemically unresolved PM2.5 components (PM2.5 Other) were â¼80 μg mâ3. Industries and residential activities dominated EC, organic carbon (OC) and PM2.5 Other, contributing 85%, 95%, and 83%, respectively. Energy production (mainly coal combustion) was the dominating source for secondary nitrate, contributing 46%. Other local and upwind sources were also important, contributing 43% and 11% of total nitrate, respectively. Primary sulfate was â¼10 μg mâ3 in vicinity surrounding point sources. Secondary sulfate from upwind sources was also important with concentrations of â¼4-5 μg mâ3. Secondary sulfate formed by SO2 emitted from local sources was dominated by energy production. Based on the contributions of different sources to primary components and secondary nitrate and sulfate, the contributions of different sources to PM2.5 total mass in Xi'an during the extremely polluted months are: energy 5%, industries 58%, transportation 2%, residential activities 16%, dust 4%, and other (including other components, inexplicit sources, and upwind sources) 15%.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Atmospheric Environment - Volume 97, November 2014, Pages 182-194
Journal: Atmospheric Environment - Volume 97, November 2014, Pages 182-194
نویسندگان
Dexiang Wang, Jianlin Hu, Yong Xu, Di Lv, Xiaoyang Xie, Michael Kleeman, Jia Xing, Hongliang Zhang, Qi Ying,