Thermoelectric effects in ion conducting membranes and perspectives for thermoelectric energy conversion

► Two independent thermoelectric effects are found in membranes. ► Feasibility of thermoelectric energy conversion in membranes is investigated. ► Theoretical description of isobaric and non-isobaric thermoelectric effect in membranes. ► An analytical relation between the isobaric and non-isobaric thermoelectric effect based on the Onsager relations is derived.