Quantification of Calabrian climate in southern Primory'e, Far East of Russia - An integrative case study using multiple proxies

The investigation documents the following important outcomes: 1) Climate data obtained from the various methods are proven to be largely consistent. 2) The late Calabrian of the southern Primory'e was characterized by overall cooling and drying. Our climate record displays 2 small scale cycles. Warm peaks (at 19.4-19.8 and 14.0-14.8 m) are tentatively correlated to the global isotope stages MIS 25 and MIS 21, respectively. 3) In the warm phases, the Calabrian climate of southern Primory'e was significantly warmer and wetter when compared to the present, especially regarding the cold season while in cold phases, climate was similar to modern or event slightly cooler. 4) As of today, Early Pleistocene climate of southern Primory'e was warmer and wetter than neighboring areas of the south RFE. 5) The effect of the East Asian Monsoon Systems on the climate of the southern Primory'e was less pronounced compared to the present.