Ecosystem responses to climate and disturbances in western central Mexico during the late Pleistocene and Holocene

► Evidence of a highly dynamic environment for the last 17 ka in western Mexico ► Cold and dry conditions during the late glacial similar to LGM ► Strong and rapid changes in vegetation at 13.5 ka correlate with glacier evidence. ► Three periods of major ecological change in the early Holocene. ► Evidence of human impact in the basin during the late Holocene