Greenhouse gas emission intensities and economic efficiency in crop production: A systems analysis of 95 farms

► Consistent farm scale data with respect to soil, weather, and farm operation data. ► Stochastic simulation of variability in farm scale GHG emission sources. ► Soil N2O emission was the largest source of GHG emissions per unit area and per kg DM. ► Soil C change contributed most to the variability in GHG emission intensities among farms in all crops. ► The GHG emissions per kg DM and per area unit decreased with increasing gross margin.