Impact of latitude on synchrony of a scale (Fiorinia externa) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and its parasitoid (Encarsia citrina) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in the Eastern United States

► Fiorinia externa and Encarsia citrina phenology across a latitudinal gradient were examined. ► Host-parasitoid synchrony does not improve when F. externa is bivoltine. ► F. externa has overlapping life stages and generations in the United States. ► Adult female F. externa live longer in the United States compared to native Japan. ► Climate matching indicated areas to search for natural enemies of F. externa.