کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
6378509 1624931 2014 9 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Post-harvest food losses in a maize-based farming system of semi-arid savannah area of Tanzania
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
تلفات غذایی پس از برداشت در یک سیستم کشاورزی مبتنی بر ذرت در منطقه نیمه خشک ساوانا در تانزانیا
کلمات کلیدی
کشاورزان کوچک، از دست دادن پس از برداشت، در حال پردازش، ذخیره سازی، امنیت غذایی،
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علوم کشاورزی و بیولوژیک علوم زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
چکیده انگلیسی


- Food losses occur in the field, during harvesting, processing and in storage.
- Most farmers lack access to modern methods for harvesting, processing and storage.
- Local storage structures were dilapidated and ineffective against storage pests.
- Larger grain borers, grain weevils, and lesser grain borers damage stored crops.
- Adverse weather contributes to low farm outputs, high post-harvest losses and consequently food insecurity.

An assessment of post-harvest handling practices and food losses in a maize-based farming system in semi-arid areas of Central and Northern Tanzania was carried out in 2012. Seventeen crops were mostly cultivated by the farmers in the surveyed areas; maize (32%), sunflower (16%) and pigeon peas (12%) were the most cultivated while maize was the most stored. There are at least 7 months between two harvest seasons of each crop; while farmers sold the crops soon after harvest to cater for household expenditure (54%) and school fees (38%), the market prices increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) within six months of storage. Most processing activities (winnowing, dehulling, drying, sorting and shelling) were carried out manually, almost entirely by women, but mechanized processing for maize, sunflower, millet, and sorghum were commonly practiced. Quantitative post-harvest losses of economic importance occur in the field (15%); during processing (13-20%), and during storage (15-25%). The main storage pests responsible for the losses are larger grain borers (Prostephanus truncatus), grain weevils (Sitophilus granarius) and, the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica). Most of the farmers considered changes in weather (40%), field damage (33%), and storage pests (16%) as the three most important factors causing poor crop yields and aggravating food losses. However, survey results suggest that the farmers' poor knowledge and skills on post-harvest management are largely responsible for the food losses. 77% of the surveyed farmers reported inadequate household foods and 41% received food aid during the previous year. Increasing farmers' technical know-how on adaptation of the farming systems to climate variability, and training on post-harvest management could reduce food losses, and improve poverty and household food security.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Journal of Stored Products Research - Volume 57, April 2014, Pages 49-57
نویسندگان
, , , , , ,