The Amazonian fruit Byrsonima crassifolia effectively scavenges reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and protects human erythrocytes against oxidative damage

A hydrophilic extract of murici (Byrsonima crassifolia), a fruit native to the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, was evaluated in relation to its phenolic composition and in vitro antioxidant potential against some physiologically relevant reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Additionally, the protective effect of murici extract against peroxyl radical (ROO)-induced toxicity to human erythrocytes was also determined. The major phenolic compound, determined by HPLC-DAD-MSn, was quercetin (2.72 ± 0.35 μg/mL). The extract was able to scavenge ROO (0.30 ± 0.04 μmol trolox equivalent/mg), hypochlorous acid (IC50 = 10.0 ± 0.1 μg/mL), hydroxyl radical (IC50 = 7 ± 1 μg/mL) and peroxynitrite anion (IC50 = 21.0 ± 0.6 μg/mL and 17.0 ± 1.6 μg/mL, respectively, in absence and presence of NaHCO3). Human erythrocytes were subjected to oxidative damage, but murici extract was not able to inhibit hemolysis, even at the highest tested concentration. On the other hand, the extract inhibited hemoglobin oxidation (IC50 = 271 ± 44 μg/mL), lipid peroxidation (1000 μg/mL) by 48 ± 5%, depletion of glutathione (100 μg/mL) by 49 ± 2% and formation of its oxidized form (100 μg/mL) by 96 ± 4%.