Oxygen isotopes and volatile contents of the Gorgona komatiites, Colombia: A confirmation of the deep mantle origin of H2O

- 66% studied olivines reveal mantle δ18O, with the rest affected by serpentinisation.
- H2O-CO2 melt inclusion data imply ∼2.5-km crustal depth of magma fractionation.
- Relationships between volatile and trace elements preclude crustal contamination.
- δ18O-δ11B data do not support magma contamination by crustal rocks as well.
- Deep mantle origin of H2O and other volatiles in the Gorgona magmas is confirmed.

We report O isotopes in olivine grains (Fo89-93) and volatile contents (CO2, H2O, F, S, Cl) in olivine-hosted melt inclusions from one Gorgona picrite and five komatiites with the aim of constraining the origin of H2O in these magmas. These samples have previously been analysed for major and trace elements and volatile concentrations (H2O, S, Cl) and B isotopes in melt inclusions. A distinctive feature of the included melts is relatively high contents of volatile components and boron, which show positive anomalies in, otherwise depleted, primitive mantle normalised trace and rare earth element patterns and range in δ11B from −11.5 to 15.6‰. In this study, the olivines were systematically analysed for O isotopes (1) in the centre of grains, (2) near the grain boundaries and, (3) as close as possible to the studied melt inclusions. The majority of olivines (∼66%) are “mantle”-like, 4.8‰≤δ18O≤5.5‰, with a subordinate but still significant number (∼33%) above, and only 2 grains below, this range. There is no systematic difference between the central and marginal parts of the grains. Higher than “mantle” δ18OOl values are ascribed to low-T (<300 °C) serpentinisation along inner fractures and grain boundaries of olivine phenocrysts. The measured concentrations of volatile components in the melt inclusions corrected for the effects of post-entrapment crystallisation and H2O-CO2 exsolution in inclusion shrinkage bubbles are: 286-1748 μg/g CO2, 0.2-0.86 wt.% H2O, 48-82 μg/g F, 398-699 μg/g S and 132-198 μg/g Cl. They correspond to a pressure of 86±44MPa or ∼2.5-km crustal depth of olivine crystallisation. The correlations of S and, to a lesser extent, of H2O, with highly incompatible lithophile elements and the correlation of F with Cl, but no relationships of H2O with Cl, rule out shallow depth magma degassing and/or crustal contamination. Our new δ18O olivine and volatile component data combined with the existing, highly variable δ11B values for melt inclusions also support the deep mantle origin of H2O (and probably other volatiles) in the Gorgona mafic and ultramafic magmas.