Lithospheric architecture and deformation of NE Tibet: New insights on the interplay of regional tectonic processes

- Interpretation of a 310 km-long deep seismic reflection image across NE Tibet.
- Seismic images reveal significant structural complexity.
- Geophysical evidence shows vertical variation in mechanical properties.
- A vertically incoherent deformation responds to the ongoing Himalayan orogeny.
- Neotectonic interplay of NE Tibet with adjacent areas is documented.

GPS measurements indicate rapid lateral extrusion of the NE Tibetan Plateau, which causes active NE-directed crustal shortening and has initiated oblique shearing along the margins of NE Tibet. However, the Tibetan highlands terminate around 103°E longitude and topographic relief disappears to the northeast. The exact reasons for this drop in elevation remain obscure due to widespread Tertiary sediments and Quaternary loess, which obscure details of the lithospheric structure. This study describes a new 310 km-long deep seismic reflection line striking NE-SW across the interior of NE Tibet. Integrating its data with a previously described 165 km-long deep seismic profile of the Tibet-Ordos transition zone together, these datasets provide a complete picture of the crustal architecture of the north-easternmost Tibetan Plateau. Gravity anomaly and previous geological evidence also help constrain complex deformation pattern in the region. Interpretations of these patterns indicate the importance of the large-scale sinistral Haiyuan fault zone and inherited vertical variation in mechanical properties of the lithosphere in the overall tectonic evolution of the NE Tibetan Plateau. The overall crustal architecture obtained in this study provides spatial context for the neotectonic evolution of NE Tibet and helps constrain the interplay of geologic and geodynamic processes affecting NE Tibet and adjacent regions.