Gold recycling and enrichment beneath volcanoes: A case study of Tolbachik, Kamchatka

• Multiple forms of native gold were studied in basalts at Tolbachik volcano.
• Gold was scavenged by hot mafic magmas from epithermal gold-containing veins.
• A 4-fold increase in Au content in some Tolbachik lavas is due to Au assimilation.
• Recycling of metals from crustal ore deposits may occur during the magma ascent.