Northern source for Deglacial and Holocene deepwater composition changes in the Eastern North Atlantic Basin

The results show a close coupling of low bottom water temperature (1.5 °C) and δ13C(0-0.5‰) values during cold Heinrich event 1, the Younger Dryas and the Preboreal, that were coeval with a major δ18O depletion of deepwater. The strong similarities between subtropical Eastern North Atlantic Deep Water and subpolar North Atlantic surface and deepwater changes indicate that deglacial changes in Eastern North Atlantic Deep Water distribution were triggered in the North Atlantic. Consequently, this would imply that changes in the North Atlantic also contributed to deglacial changes in Antarctic bottom water composition. During the early Holocene stepwise increasing δ13C values suggest increasing Eastern North Atlantic Deep Water production and/or increasing Eastern North Atlantic Deep Water ventilation with minor but distinct interruptions (at 10.8, 10.6, 9.1, 8.4, 8.1 and 7.2 ka BP), which were most probably also triggered in the subpolar North Atlantic.