(Extraction of biomolecules using) aqueous biphasic systems formed by ionic liquids and aminoacids

The increasing emphasis on cleaner and environmentally benign extraction procedures has led to the systematic investigation of systems containing ionic liquids (ILs)—a new class of non-volatile alternative solvents. In this work, aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed by hydrophilic ILs and aminoacids were studied aiming at obtaining new evidences regarding their ABS formation ability and their capacity for the extraction of specific biomolecules. On the basis of the IL cation 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, the IL anion influence on ABS formation was assessed through its combination with tetrafluoroborate, triflate, and dicyanamide anions, with three different aminoacids: l-lysine, d,l-lysine HCl and l-proline. Ternary phase diagrams (and respective tie-lines) formed by these aqueous solutions of the ILs and the selected aminoacids, were measured at 298 K and atmospheric pressure. The results indicate that the ability of an IL to produce ABS closely follows the decrease in the hydrogen-bond accepting strength of the IL anion. In addition, the ability of aminoacids to form ABS follows the order: l-lysine ≈ d,l-lysine HCl > l-proline. Finally, the extraction capability of the studied ABS was evaluated through their application to the extraction of three biomolecules (caffeine, ciprofloxacin and ciprofloxacin HCl).