Investigation of nitrogen oxides, particle number, and size distribution on a light-duty diesel car with B10 and G10 fuels

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particle emissions from a light-duty diesel car with B10 (10% biodiesel from cooking oil +90% diesel, v/v) and G10 (10% GTL fuel +90% diesel, v/v) were investigated under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The car was equipped with a high-pressure common rail system, cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). Results show that G10 has the lowest fuel consumption and B10 has the highest fuel consumption among the three fuels. B10 can increase the NOx emissions, and the G10 NOx emission is lower than diesel. The number-weighted particle size distribution shows that B10 and G10 can decrease the particle number at almost a full size range. In the four urban driving cycles (UDC), the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of B10 and G10 are both smaller than diesel. For the extra urban driving cycle (EUDC), the particle number concentration and emission rate are far higher than UDC cycle. The acceleration phase has a higher particle number emission rate and nucleation particle number than deceleration for the three fuels. Particle number emission is reduced when using B10 and G10 regardless of acceleration or deceleration. Number-weighted particle size distribution in acceleration and deceleration shows that the nucleation particle number in deceleration is far higher than acceleration, whereas accumulation particle shows the opposite tendency.