Evaluation of the hip-flask defence by determination of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate concentrations in blood

In all the presented cases, the levels of EtG were substantially higher than what would be expected only about 1−2 h after a very recent alcohol intake. The relatively stable concentrations between the first and second sample also indicated that the high EtG concentrations were not caused by a rapid formation after a recent intake, as this would have demonstrated increasing concentrations over a time period of 30 min. In conclusion, EtG and EtS in blood could be a helpful tool in assessment of the hip-flask defence, in cases where the detected ethanol is claimed to be caused solely by a single intake after driving.