Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube stamps on Ti foils: Synthesis and application for all flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

Highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) stamps were synthesized on Ti foils by anodization and ultrasonic vibration techniques to enhance the Ti foil active surface area. A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with the as-prepared Ti foil coated by Pt as the counter electrode (CE) shows a cell efficiency (η) of 9.62% owing to the excellent electrocatalytic ability for its CE. With the replacement of a conducting plastic as the photoanode substrate, a η of 3.12% is obtained for an all flexible DSSC.