Identifying the fuels and energy conversion technologies necessary to meet European passenger car emissions legislation to 2020

► Novel transport fuels utilise diverse primary resources and production pathways. ► Biofuels can only meet a large part of LGV demand when blended with fossil-fuels. ► Fossil-fuels will continue to satisfy LGV energy and emissions requirements. ► Improvements to TTW efficiency and WTT emissions are needed to meet 2020 WTW limits.