Fuel economy and emission characteristics of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) and Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) as alternative fuels for diesel engines

► SFC of RME is up to 15% higher than GTL and Diesel. ► RME emit 70% less CO than GTL and Diesel. ► RME emit 50% less HC than GTL and diesel. ► The PM of RME were in the diameter range of 30-100 nm. ► The PM of GTL and diesel were in the range 30-200 nm.