Hydrolysis and glycosidation of sugars during the esterification of fast pyrolysis bio-oil

► Hydrolysis and glycosidation of sugars during the esterification of bio-oil. ► Levoglucosan is hydrolysed and glycosidated to form methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside. ► Formation of levoglucosan from the hydrolysis of sugar oligomers. ► Temperature, catalyst loading and methanol/bio-oil ratio affect the reaction greatly.