Further experimental and modelling evidences of soot fragmentation in flames

Experimental data supported by model predictions show the role of fragmentation in controlling the burn-out and the size distribution of particles in flames. SF flame, where no soot oxidation occurs, shows large particles. By contrast in the SFO flame, the mean diameter of particles shows that when fragmentation is active coagulation is less effective, aggregates are hardly formed and primary particles with small size are mostly formed.