Impact of the height imperfections of masonry blocks on the load bearing capacity of dry-stack masonry walls

Dry-stacked masonry walls gives rise to geometric imperfections: the height variation of different masonry blocks ΔH and the roughness of the support area Δh. This paper studies the effect of ΔH on the structural response and the load bearing capacity of masonry walls by highlighting the load percolation. Furthermore, an algorithm was developed to define a stress multiplier coefficient respecting the imperfections ΔH. The algorithm allowed predicting 77% of the amplified stress compared to the FE analysis and showed that the geometric imperfections govern the load percolation in a wall as well as the cracking mode and the bearing capacity.