Assessment of fresh properties and compressive strength of self-compacting concrete made with different sand types by mixture design modelling approach

The present paper provides a statistical approach to evaluate the effect of different sand types on the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). A mixture design modelling approach was used to highlight the effects of river sand (RS), crushed sand (CS) and dune sand (DS) as proportions in binary and ternary systems, on flowability, passing ability, segregation and mechanical strength of SCC. The responses of the derived statistical models are slump flow, v-funnel time, L-box, stability and compressive strength at 2, 7 and 28 days. The derived mathematical models make it possible to illustrate the variation of different responses in ternary contour plots with respect to the proportions of RS, CS and DS. This provides flexibility to optimize RS, CS and DS blends with tailor-made of a given property that suit particular recommendations. Results indicate that when flowability requirements are combined, proportions of DS and CS in binary or ternary systems with RS must be below 0.24 and 0.6 respectively. Moreover, it is shown that passing ability can be satisfied by using a CS proportion above 0.3 in RS-CS binary system and above 0.65 in CS-DS binary system. On other hand, proportions above 0.5 of CS in RS-CS binary system and above 0.2 of DS in RS-DS binary system are recommended to meet stability limits. Results also indicate that compressive strength at 2, 7 and 28 days increased with the increase of CS proportion and decreased with the increase of DS proportion in binary and ternary systems.