Numerical analysis of 3D dry-stone masonry structures by combined finite-discrete element method

The evaluation of damage mechanism and the failure of dry-stone masonry structures subjected to seismic load is one of the most important aspects of seismic assessment of existing masonry buildings. Discontinuities between the blocks, their mechanical interaction, large displacement and rotation are the main causes of degradation and collapse of these structures. This paper presents the application of the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) in the analysis of 3D dry-stone masonry structures which is able to capture such mechanisms and structural damage both at joint and at block level. Moreover, the proposed approach includes friction forces based on Coulomb-type of law accounting for friction effects across dry joints and open cracks, in order to correctly simulate the mechanical behaviour of dry-stone masonry. The capabilities of presented approach are demonstrated in a series of numerical tests, starting with sliding and rocking of single blocks, examination of dry joints shear behaviour, walls subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane load, and finally the simulation of the simple spatial stone masonry structure.