Distance-dependent alterations in local functional connectivity in drug-naive major depressive disorder

Previous studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have found abnormal functional connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Yet, effect of distance thresholds on local functional connectivity changes in MDD is largely unknown. Here, we used resting-state fMRI data and functional connectivity strength (FCS) method to test local functional connectivity differences at different distance thresholds between 47 drug-naive patients with MDD and 47 healthy controls. For the distribution of functional brain hubs with high local FCS, the overall changing trend from distance thresholds of 10 mm to 100 mm was from lateral to medial. Compared to controls, MDD patients exhibited decreased local FCS independent of distance threshold in the sensorimotor system (postcentral gyrus, paracentral lobule, and supplementary motor area). MDD Patients exhibited increased local FCS in the inferior temporal gyrus at two lower distance thresholds (20 mm and 30 mm) and a higher distance threshold (100 mm). In addition, MDD patients showed increased local FCS in the putamen at higher distance thresholds (80-100 mm). These findings suggest that local functional connectivity abnormalities in MDD are dependent on distance thresholds and that future studies should take the distance thresholds into account when measuring local functional connectivity in MDD.