Biological rhythms, metabolic syndrome and current depressive episode in a community sample

The purpose of this study was to assess the disruption in biological rhythms and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals with depressive episode. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study with a representative sample of 905 young adults. Current depressive episode were confirmed by a psychologist using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)-Plus. Self-reported biological rhythms were assessed using the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN). MetS was defined using modified NCEP/ATPIII criteria. Significant main effects of current depressive episode (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.163) and MetS (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.011) were observed on total BRIAN score. There was a significant interaction between depression and MetS in total biological rhythm scores (p = 0.002, η2 = 0.011) as well as sleep (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.016) and social domains (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.014). In the depressive group, subjects with MetS had a higher disruption in total BRIAN scores (p = 0.010), sleep domain (p = 0.004), social domain (p = 0.005) and in the eating pattern domain approached the level of significance (p = 0.098), when compared to subjects with no MetS. The results of the present study showed that self-reported disruptions in biological rhythms are associated with key components of the MetS in community adults with MDD. The understanding of the complex interactions between biological rhythms, MetS and depression are important in the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.