کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
6864483 1439543 2018 16 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Advancing the neurocomputer
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
پیشبرد کامپیوتر عصبی
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه مهندسی کامپیوتر هوش مصنوعی
چکیده انگلیسی
Cultivating neural populations onto microelectrode arrays (MEAs) is a popular technique used by neuroscientists to study cortical microcircuits in a more controlled setting than they appear in vivo. However, recent works show that these neural cultures may be more than just another analog to the brain-they can also be used to compute. Researchers in academia and industry may soon need the computing power of a true neuromorphic computer: a silicon computing device that utilizes the processing power of biological neurons. Such a device can be realized by cultivating biological neurons onto an MEA in vitro and carefully interfacing the MEA to a computer or robot. This new device can make use of short- and long-term memory mechanisms intrinsic to biological neurons to train neuronal cultures to perform unique computations. Research shows this type of computing device may be able to solve problems in fields like image recognition, temporal pattern classification, and others. In this paper, we review the methods of interfacing cultures with MEAs, learning mechanisms exhibited in neuronal cultures, the current applications of a neuron-silicon hybrid computing device in research, and potential challenges this field may face. We propose that the current research in neurocomputers has provided the foundations for a new era in computing, one in which the computational power of true biological neural networks may be exploited and eventually surpass the power of artificial neural networks.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Neurocomputing - Volume 284, 5 April 2018, Pages 36-51
نویسندگان
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