Effect of quenching temperatures on the morphological and crystalline properties of PVDF and PVDF-TiO2 hybrid membranes

► Quenching temperature affects the spherulitic size and membrane crystallinity. ► Quenching temperatures and TiO2 addition do not affect the crystal type (α). ► Higher cooling rate and TiO2 addition accelerate crystallization rate. ► TiO2 particles act as heterogeneous nuclei in TIPS process.