A decision-support system for forest density management within upland black spruce stand-types

► An enhanced modular-based structural stand density management model for upland black spruce stand-types is developed. ► New analytical solutions for accounting for response delay following thinning and genetic worth effects are provided. ► Utility of the model in designing crop plans for both natural and managed stand-types is demonstrated. ► This decision-support system facilitates the transformative shift towards a value-based management proposition.